18 to 24 July: Quicksand

For all the short-term market machinations, the global economic outlook isn’t really budging. The US continues to outperform (and therefore the FED still wants to reign back easing), whilst the rest of the developed world oscillates between incremental easing and periods of pause to gauge effectiveness from the data.

As we have discussed in recent weeks, we think the current tool kit is running dry and innovation will be necessary. However, the coming stimulus round (Bank of Japan this week, Bank of England next week and European Central Bank in September) will likely be only more of the same.


11 to 17 July: Stress Relief

There has been a dramatic change in tone in a few short weeks, from double digit one-day falls in European equities prompted by Brexit and Italian Banks, to a year to date low on the VIX “fear gauge”. We think this is revealing. Policy has been unable to address the real, long-term challenges faced by developed markets – instead supporting just enough growth to keep markets on an even keel. As such, investors have low conviction in their portfolios and, with historical correlations and relative risk/return dynamics turned on their heads, are particularly sensitive to market shocks.

Given even long-term bonds are now near 0% yield, we think an important policy evolution is close. That is to say, central bank’s will need to do something new to generate a meaningful economic reaction. After a visit by Ben Bernanke, this week talk surrounded Japan and the possibility of Helicopter money (n.b. Bernanke’s blog series has also suggested the possibility of negative rates and targeting longer interest rates as additional tools for the FED. Other economists have discussed higher inflation targets and nominal GDP targeting).

For all the positive rhetoric around “helicopter” dropping newly printed money, it surely brings risks to credibility. Indeed, we remain of the view that there is no stimulus package able to generate sufficient real growth to address the developed world’s ills.


4 to 10 July: Looking For Direction

There was no clear trend in markets last week as basically any USD asset rallied against more general weakness – particularly in oil, which posted its biggest weekly decline in 5 months. As the Brexit spill over subsides, the path is data dependent and therefore a summer lull is not out of the question.


27 June to 1 July: Stagnation Revisited

At the beginning of 2016, US Treasuries for 5, 10 and 30 years traded at 1.76%, 2.27% and 3.01% respectively – broadly the lowest levels on record.  Given the FED had just raised rates in December (for the first time since 2006), and was messaging a hiking cycle, the casual observer would then surely have judged it eye watering to be carrying large fixed income holdings.

Fast forward, and this week saw new records with the 5, 10 and 30 year Treasuries yielding 1.00%, 1.46% and 2.24%. This means long-dated US Government bonds are one of the best performing major market segments – the S&P BGCantor 20+ Year Treasury Index is up 17.47% YTD. And the trend is not unique, last week every Swiss government bond in issue, and the German and Japanese 10yr bonds, traded sub-zero.

We think these dynamics are important for a number of reasons:

  • It’s not about Brexit: to state the obvious, pan flat and all-time low yield curves are screaming “long-run growth problem”. Whether you believe it is demographics, over-leverage, inequality, bad policy or falling innovation, bond markets cannot see a path back to “normal” growth and inflation. Thus, even in the UK, Brexit is at most a very small part of an overarching economic issue. Indeed, we repeat that whilst the short-term effects of the referendum result are negative (uncertainty and potential negative spill overs), the long-run implications can very well be positive – depending on forthcoming negotiations.
  • Policy is going to change: the US may have made some progress in repairing balance sheets, but it is insufficient to return to pre-crisis productivity growth or normalised rates. In Europe and Japan we have arguably only moved backwards. Therefore, we should expect central bank responses to evolve – perhaps nominal GDP targets, higher inflation targets or helicopter money.
  • Asset allocation: classic portfolio construction rules give that a “safe” allocation focuses on government bonds, whereas higher risk results from equities and emerging market exposure. Is that really true now? Developed market government bonds offer zero yield, ambiguous correlation with equity markets and price in basically no growth or inflation indefinitely. Instead, many emerging markets are under-owned and offer a genuine growth story with young populations and a structural transformation towards higher value sectors.

20 to 26 June: Dealing with a Hangover

Global markets were characterised by extreme volatility last week, with almost everyone calling the outcome of the UK’s Brexit referendum wrong:

  • By Thursday night, confidence in a “remain” vote pulled the FTSE 100 up 5.26% on the week and saw Trade Weighted GBP hit the highest level since early February.
  • On Friday’s market open, with a clear victory for the “leave” campaign, European equity markets opened down between 8-12% and GBP lost some 9% of its value against the USD to the lowest level since 1985.
  • A rally over the day mitigated losses (FTSE 100 finishing only 3.15% lower), but European banks and UK property stocks still experienced crisis style losses (-18.02% Stoxx Bank Index, UK house builders down between 25-45%).
  • Over the week, UK equities therefore actually finished higher (and sit 4% above their level upon the announcement of the referendum date in February) and 10yr Gilts hit all-time low yields at 1.10%.

The result has prompted strong, and often emotional, responses both in the UK and abroad. We consider the direct (UK domestic) and indirect (broader global) lessons and consequences in turn.


13 to 19 June: Pause for Thought

Several key institutions held back on important decisions this week. The Fed and BOJ both elected to leave monetary policy unchanged, whilst MSCI pushed out the inclusion of Chinese A shares in its global indices.


6 to 12 June: Full Circle

Having carefully talked up the probability of a June interest rate hike over the last few weeks in order to avoid potentially surprising the market, Jane Yellen flipped back to dovishness after a soft batch of jobs data painted a less robust picture of the US labour market


30 May to 5 June: Still Waiting

A weak jobs report in the US suggested that the next Federal Reserve interest rate hike is unlikely to come this month, whilst Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced that the much anticipated sales tax increase has been pushed out by two years.


23 to 29 May: Walking on Tiptoes

Last week was relatively light on news flow, but saw a decent tone for risk assets. We believe this is a fragile equilibrium, which given a data dependent FED and broader policy makers struggling for traction at the lower bound, will depend very much on economic releases.

This week brings a full calendar. On Wednesday, the ECB starts its bond buying programme and on Thursday will hold its latest policy meeting. In the US we have the employment report as well as ISM manufacturing, consumer confidence and the Case-Shiller House Price Index, whilst there is also an OPEC forum in Vienna.


16 to 22 May: Dollar Signs

Emerging Markets underperformed last week as FED minutes increased market expectations for rate hikes, boosting the USD.

Actually, the move in US rates is far from convincing, with the Treasury curve the flattest since 2007 (2s-10s at 0.96%). This suggests that, whilst hikes might be expected in the short run, the market has little faith the cycle can last long.